Variations in spring leaf phenology and leaf freezing damage of common woody species in China北大核心CSCD     

陶泽兴  戴君虎 《地理科学进展》2023,(4):766-781

Freezing damage results in the dehydration of plant cells and reduces the photosynthetic capacity of plants, which causes significant losses to ecology and economy. Over the past 40 years, global warming has reduced the frequency and intensity of frost events while bringing forward the spring phenology of plants, increasing the exposure of their leaves and flowers to harsh cold temperatures. Therefore, the dual effects of climate warming should be considered in order to accurately assess the changes of plant freezing damage. To date, there is no systematic analysis of plant freezing damage in different climatic regions of China. Based on phenological observation records from the China Phenological Observation Network, leaf frost damage of four common woody plants (Ulmus pumila, Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix babylonica, Fraxinus chinensis) in the spring over the past 40 years was calculated, and the spatio-temporal patterns were analyzed. We also investigated the change in the occurrence time of maximum frost damage (TMFD) and its relationship with plant phenology. The results show that: 1) Most species presented an overall trend towards an earlier leaf unfolding date, and the advancing trend was significant and greater than 1 d/a in about 60% of the regions (P<0.05). 2) The TMFD occurred earlier in 72.22%-83.03% of the regions, which was closely related to plants' earlier leaf unfolding date. The TMFD of all species advanced the most (8.3 days) in the temperate climate zone, followed by the warm temperate, subtropical, plateau, and cold temperate zones. 3) The leaves of U. pumila, R. pseudoacacia and S. babylonica suffered more freezing damage in the spring, and the most significant freezing damage was mainly found in the north of 50°N region and part of the west of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In comparison, the leaves of F. chinensis suffered less frost damage due to later leaf unfolding date and stronger leaf frost resistance. With regard to interannual variations, the average freezing damage of U. pumila, R. pseudoacacia and S. babylonica increased significantly (P<0.05), but that of F. chinensis did not change obviously. In addition, the freezing damage of U. pumila and S. babylonica increased the most in the cold temperate zone, while that of R. pseudoacacia increased in about 10% of the regions in the plateau climate zone, and 3%-6% of the regions in the cold temperate, temperate, and warm temperate climate zones. The freezing damage of F. chinensis merely increased in the warm temperate zone. The results of this study can provide a reference for assessing the risk of plant freezing damage accurately and help develop regional-specific response and adaptation strategies to climate change. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

低碳盐湖提锂:高渗透选择性纳滤膜和正渗透膜材料          下载免费PDF全文

孙楠  罗娟  何荣荣  赵书威  徐姗姗  陈佳瑞  窦鹏佳  何涛 《盐湖研究》2023,31(2):63-70

报道了联合基金项目“面向青海盐湖卤水锂提取过程强化的高性能中空纤维正渗透膜材料的设计研究”的最新进展。研究从吸附/解吸或稀释盐湖卤水出发,采用“纳滤－正渗透膜”耦合工艺纯化和浓缩Li+浓度至3 wt.%用于碳酸锂沉淀。研究重点是制备高渗透分离性能的层层自组装中空纤维纳滤膜和正渗透膜材料。通过基膜孔结构和物化性能与层层自组装纳滤膜性能和界面聚合正渗透膜性能之间的关系研究及系列技术攻关,已完成四寸中空纤维纳滤膜和正渗透膜的制备,技术指标达到项目指标。项目研究为青海盐湖锂提取提供了核心的分离和浓缩膜材料。  相似文献   

空间同位模式支持下城市服务业关联发现及特征分析     

胡添  刘涛  杜萍  余贝贝  张萌生 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(6):969-978

空间同位模式分析是数据挖掘中一种常见的方法,可有效挖掘城市设施在空间位置上的关联特征,进而发现城市设施的分布规律。本文基于POI数据同位模式挖掘用来获取城市服务业空间关联结构：首先,通过邻近实例获取、同位候选模式存储与筛选,得到城市服务业二阶同位模式;然后,据此构造产业空间关联图,得到产业间的关联结构;最后,分别构造了产业空间关联图密度和产业空间关联显著指数,用来衡量城市服务业空间关联的紧密程度和整体关联的显著程度。本文选取成都、兰州、郑州、沈阳、上海与深圳为试验区,实验结果表明：不同城市服务业的空间关联结构存在共性与特殊性,整体上,餐饮、购物等与居民日常生活相关的服务业易与其他服务业产生空间强相关,这几类服务业内部空间集聚明显;成都与沈阳的服务业整体表现空间关联度高且紧密,兰州其次,上海与深圳的服务业则整体表现空间关联较弱,郑州的服务业空间关联较紧密但强度较低。  相似文献   

协同多时相波谱特征的不透水面信息级联提取     

帅艳民  马现伟  曲歌  邵聪颖  刘涛  刘守民  黄华兵  谷玲霄  拉提帕•吐尔汗江  梁继  李玲 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(1):171-186

不透水面作为反应城市表征变化和区域城镇化的重要技术指标,其位置、图斑大小、空间分布等信息在地表水热循环和能量平衡等领域被广泛需求。传统方法大都基于单一时相信息提取不透水面,而忽略多时相所蕴含的丰富信息。因此,本文提出多时相信息融合的不透水面级联提取方法,利用Landsat-8 OLI遥感影像分析归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI）、改进的归一化水体指数（Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, MNDWI）和归一化建筑指数（Normalized Difference Building Index, NDBI）年内时序变化特点和典型地物间多时相波谱曲线的协同特征,并归纳不透水面多时相变化规律;再根据先验知识所获取的有效地表信息,进行多时相分级提取不透水面信息。此外,基于实地考察数据和同期2 m GF-1遥感影像屏幕数字化生成30 m不透水面图斑,进行精度验证、分析和对比单时相、四季相及多时相3种时序情况下的提取精度。结果表明：单时相提取不透水面总精度最低,四季相提取精度优于单时相,而多时相提取精度最高（精度可达93.66%,Kappa系数为0.81）。本方法在偏远城镇不透水面的有效识别中显露潜在优势,可为不透水面提取方法融合时序波谱特征提供新思路。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地子北地区长6段油藏成藏条件及主控因素     

姜星  于建青  史飞  任战利  田涛  王锦  霍小菊 《地球科学与环境学报》2014,(4)

分析了鄂尔多斯盆地子北地区延长组长6段油层构造特征、沉积相分布及砂体展布特征,从烃源岩、储层、盖层等方面对长6段油藏成藏条件进行了探讨,并就油藏类型、主控因素及成藏期次进行了讨论。结果表明:子北地区长6段油藏具有较好的生、储、盖配置关系,主要受沉积微相及储层物性控制;长6段油气主要储存在长61、62、63段河道砂体内,油藏类型主要为岩性圈闭;长6段油藏主控因素有主分流河道、储层物性及其非均质性、原油分布;长6段油层中,油气包裹体均一温度分布呈双峰状,主要在100℃~110℃和130℃~140℃;利用热演化史与流体包裹体均一温度法对油气成藏期次进行判断,长7段烃源岩生成的油气在早白垩世运移并大量聚集至长6段油层组,形成长6段油藏。  相似文献   

十堰至天水高速公路磨河村隧道工程地质条件分析          下载免费PDF全文

王涛  张海林 《山东国土资源》2014,30(7):37-41

通过对隧址区地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、岩土体工程地质特征等的调查,结合工程物探、地质钻探,岩体物理力学试验和地质测绘等勘察成果,分析了隧道洞身及进出口处围岩的稳定性,指出隧道施工过程中可能会遇到的工程地质问题,并提出了超前地质预报、支护、预防地质灾害、保护生态环境等施工措施和建议。  相似文献   

米槠次生林内4种植物叶片DOM的数量和质量特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康根丽  高人  杨玉盛  陈光水  杨智杰  司友涛 《福建地理》2014,(1):30-37

选取福建省三明市米槠次生林内的4种植物,即米槠(CAC),木荷(SCS),山杜英(ELS),芒萁(DID)为研究对象,对其叶片进行了室内淋溶处理,并分析了淋溶液中的可溶性有机碳(DOC)和可溶性有机氮(DON)含量及pH值,芳香性指标(AI)和荧光效率指数(Feff)等,以揭示其淋溶液中可溶性有机质(DOM)的数量和质量特征。结果表明:4种植物叶片DOM含量总体随淋溶次数的增加逐渐减小,其中首次淋溶后淋溶液中的DOC和DON含量最大,分别占总淋溶量的平均值为67.90%和44.51%;淋溶液中前3次DOC和DON淋溶量总和分别占10次淋溶总量的87.40%~94.77%和68.46%~72.49%;且前3次淋溶次数间呈极显著差异(P0.01),其后差异性不显著。DOM的pH值和光谱指标随着淋溶次数的增加逐渐上升.总体上乔木树种DOM的数量和质量比林下植被要高,这是由于乔木树种的DOM含有更多的养分和芳香类和腐殖化的高分子量化合物,而林下植被的DOM含有较多低分子量化合物和易分解组分。  相似文献   

1990年以来中国小麦农业气象灾害时空变化特征(英文)     

张朝  王品  陈一  张帅  陶福禄  刘晓菲 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(3):387-396

Agro-meteorological disasters(AMD) have become more frequent with climate warming. In this study, the temporal and spatial changes in the occurrence frequency of major meteorological disasters on wheat production were firstly explored by analyzing the observed records at national agro-meteorological stations(AMS) of China from 1991 to 2009. Furthermore, impact of climate change on AMD was discussed by comparing the warmer decade(2000–2009) with another decade(1991–2000). It was found that drought was the most frequent disaster during the last two decades, with a highest proportion of 79%. And the frequency of AMD increased significantly with climate change. Specifically, the main disasters occurred more frequently in the reproductive period than in the vegetative period. Besides, the spatial changes in the AMD frequency were characterized by region-specific. For example, the wheat cultivation areas located on the Loess Plateau and the middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River suffered mainly from drought. All these results were strongly linked to climate change in China. Therefore, sound adaptation options should be taken based on the latest changes of AMD under global warming to reduce agricultural damages.  相似文献   

土壤氮、盐浓度对盐角草(Salicornia europaea)生长发育及氮素吸收的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹海龙  田长彦  任婧  陈春秀  黄建 《中国沙漠》2014,34(5):1277-1284

以盐生植物盐角草(Salicornia europaea)为材料,以NaCl模拟不同盐度环境,盆栽试验了氮(0.3g·kg-1,N1;0.6g·kg-1,N2;1.2g·kg-1,N3;2.4g·kg-1,N4)、盐(2.5g·kg-1,S1;5.0g·kg-1,S2;7.5g·kg-1,S3)处理对其生长发育及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:(1)不同盐度下施氮均可以显著促进盐角草的生长,地上部干质量均在N2处理下达到最大,而株高均在N1时达到最高,且施氮对盐角草生长的影响与盐度有关;(2)不同盐度环境下施氮所能达到的最高干物质产量及最高施氮限量不同,表现为S3S1S2,随着施氮量的增加,氮素生产力与氮素农学利用效率均表现出下降的趋势;(3)施氮显著增加了盐角草各器官含氮量及氮吸收量,同一施氮水平下盐角草各器官含氮量及氮吸收量均表现为同化枝茎根;(4)同一施氮水平下,随着盐度的增加,盐角草同化枝渗透势显著下降,同一盐度环境下,随着施氮量的增加,同化枝渗透势呈现出下降趋势,渗透调节能力增大;(5)3个盐度环境下,施氮均增加盐角草同化枝光合色素含量,从而提高光合效率,增强其对盐渍环境的适应能力。  相似文献   

陕北黄土高原地区极端降水事件时空分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王涛  杨强  于冬雪 《云南地理环境研究》2014,26(4)

以陕西省北部6个气象站点1959-2011年逐日降水数据为基础,采用百分比方法确定各站点极端降水阈值,选取极端降水量、极端降水频率、极端降水强度、暴雨量、暴雨日数、大雨量和大雨日数,分析陕北黄土高原地区极端降水事件时空变化特征,结果表明:(1)极端降水经历近30年的持续减少后,近10多年增加较快,各极端降水指数空间上均呈自东南向西北的递减趋势.(2)极端降水量2000～ 2011年最大,极端降水阈值和极端降水量自东南向西北递减分布.(3)极端降水频率以2000～ 2011年最大,极端降水强度变化趋势不明显.空间分布上极端降水频率以绥德最高,榆林最低;极端降水强度以洛川最高,横山最低.(4)暴雨量和暴雨日数均以2000～2011年最高,空间分布呈自东而西递减,分别形成以绥德和延安、横山和吴起为中心的高值和低值区域.大雨量和大雨日数以1959 ～1969年最高.空间分布上呈自南而北的递减趋势,均形成以洛川和横山为中心的高值和低值区域.  相似文献